Forecasting Research Institute × LEAP

Top AI Accuracy on LiveCodeBench Pro

Top AI Accuracy on LiveCodeBench Pro

Experts expect AI to solve a third of the hardest competitive programming problems by 2030, up from 8% in mid-2025.

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Our Analysis

How do we interpret these results

In the 50th percentile scenario, the median expert predicts a state-of-the-art (SOTA) AI system’s accuracy on LiveCodeBench Pro in 2026 will reach 14%, just under a doubling from the baseline value of 7.7% at the time of the survey. This central prediction increases to 33% by the end of 2030. However, experts disagree substantially: the bottom quartile of experts expect SOTA accuracy of 20% or less by the end of 2030, while the top quartile expect at least 60% accuracy. Experts expect more progress than the public: the median public respondent expects SOTA AI to achieve only 18 percent accuracy by the end of 2030. Experts and superforecasters are much closer in their forecasts: there are no statistically significant differences across all scenarios in 2030.

Recent benchmark performances suggest the median expert is underestimating SOTA AI systems’ progress—and substantially so. Since the survey closed, OpenAI’s GPT 5.2 achieved 33% accuracy on the Q3 2025 set of problems (and 23% on the Q2 2025 set that produced the original baseline value of 7.7%). While the set of questions in LiveCodeBench Pro is dynamic, and performance on future question sets could be lower than 33%, the resolution of this question will be at least 33%. Definitive accuracy assessment will need to wait until the resolution date.

Forecasts by group

Median forecasts from each group

group20262030
Experts
14%
32.9%
Superforecasters
12%
35%
Public
11%
18%

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Rationale analysis

The main lines of reasoning driving the spread in estimates

Commercial incentives

High-forecast respondents often emphasize coding’s clear commercial value as a driver of progress: “Because coding assistance has an obvious commercial payoff, I expect sustained and significant effort from companies to push performance forward.” Some low-forecast respondents, meanwhile, question whether the “hard”, Olympiad-level LiveCodeBench question set is a good proxy for commercial potential, with one writing that there might not be “a lot of biz-use cases for these kinds of problems.”

Adaptive difficulty of LiveCodeBench

Many low-forecast respondents emphasize that LiveCodeBench Pro’s continuously updated problem set creates a moving target and makes progress on the benchmark difficult: “An important variable is how much more difficult the test may become over time.” Other respondents acknowledge this dynamic but think “the ability to make harder problems will be outrun by AI progress.”

Capability improvements

Respondents who forecast rapid LLM performance improvements on LiveCodeBench Pro often point to models’ technical advances. One writes, “By 2030, multiple generations of models and advances in planning, verification, and code agents could enable substantial improvement.” Another predicts that by 2030, “reasoning models will develop stronger internal self-verification: mental code tracing, multi-approach consistency checking, and symbolic reasoning about invariants.” Others point to reinforcement learning, test-time compute, and scaling as drivers of past and future progress. Conversely, several low-forecast respondents note that, according to the paper that launched LiveCodeBench, frontier models still “exhibit stark limitations in complex algorithmic reasoning, nuanced problem-solving, and handling edge cases” and express skepticism that current LLM architectures are capable of overcoming these limitations. One forecaster noted that “these problems require exceptional creative insight and non-obvious algorithmic leaps that current reasoning approaches struggle with, so progress will likely be slower than on easier tiers.”

Progress on adjacent benchmarks

High-forecast respondents frequently cite rapid improvements on related coding and mathematical benchmarks: “Frontier AI models made a roughly 16x jump in improvement between 2023 and 2024 on SWE bench.”; “I'll obtain a base rate from investigating FrontierMath performance over time. In November 2024, SOTA models couldn't solve almost any Tier 3-4 problems… Now, in November 2025, the best model scores around 18%.” Low-forecast respondents argue these benchmarks measure fundamentally different capabilities (e.g., “[C]urrent LLMs demonstrate proficiency in implementation-oriented problems; they exhibit stark limitations in complex algorithmic reasoning.”) or lack the adaptive difficulty component (e.g., “Unlike other benchmarks where models can be trained to the test, a continuously updated test may be more difficult to create rapidly escalating scores, and therefore may not generalize.”)

S-curve dynamics

Multiple high-forecast respondents view recent progress as indicating the beginning of rapid improvement. One notes that “in the history of AI benchmarks, breaking the ‘zero barrier’ is often a leading indicator of a coming S-curve in performance,” and another that “once a capability threshold is breached (0% -> 5%), accuracy often doubles or triples within 12-18 months.”

Data availability and contamination

Several high- and low-forecast respondents mention data-related concerns. A high-forecast respondent argues that “there will be some kind of leaking as [the] biggest models are constantly crawling the web. At some point they will get to similar code to the one in the benchmark and they will learn from it.” Another that “despite the claims of continuous updating to avoid contamination, I don't believe this benchmark will ultimately be able to avoid [it].” Low-forecast respondents express concern about data exhaustion, which they expect will hinder performance on LiveCodeBench: “Many advanced algorithmic tasks are underrepresented in public training data, so scaling models does not always produce corresponding improvements in functional code performance.”

Rationale examples

High-quality rationales from forecasters across the range

High-forecast respondents

Looking toward 2030, I widen the band because there is more room for institutional and epistemic change. One important development is AI-assisted algorithmic research: we already see early work that treats algorithm design as a search space and uses AI systems to explore it, generating candidate strategies, checking them, and iteratively improving them. If these methods mature and get folded into everyday toolchains, the same labs that train general-purpose models could also rely on AI to help invent new problem-solving strategies. In that world, it becomes more plausible that, at least on a benchmark like this, the best AI systems start to match or exceed the repertoire of tricks held by top human competitors.

The exponential scaling of inference-time compute, the development of new system architectures, and the integration of formal verification tools (e.g., AlphaProof writes code using a formal language like Lean, which a compiler can check for logical correctness and if the AI's reasoning is flawed, the code will not compile and this failure can be the first step toward fixing the code) will likely result in rapid progress on this benchmark.

I think the ability to make harder problems will be outrun by AI progress. I feel like that pushes the saturation point out to the late end, like 3 years from now in 2028.

Low-forecast respondents

The score we observe is therefore always the product of two moving parts: changes in model capabilities, and changes in how this benchmark community defines and refreshes ‘Hard.’... Benchmark maintainers have strong incentives to protect the value of “Hard” as a discriminator: they can keep sourcing problems that remain out of reach and adjust curation practices as soon as models start to look too comfortable. Labs, meanwhile, have reputational incentives to perform well on the leaderboard, but that does not necessarily mean they will reorient training to optimize for a niche, moving-target benchmark.

By 2030, multiple generations of models and advances in planning, verification, and code agents could enable substantial improvement, yet Pass@1 remains a stringent metric and the adversarial nature of task curation will continue to cap raw accuracy.

[LiveCodeBench is] evaluating a single model and measuring pass@1 accuracy without any [external] tool use. This makes the task significantly harder and focuses on the model’s native reasoning ability. Current systems can reach IOI medal performance when they use tools and can attempt problems multiple times. I expect steady gains in native reasoning over the next year, but I also believe the LLM approach has inherent limits and that scaling alone will eventually level off.

Without significant innovations in how LLMs are trained, in their architecture, or their memory, OR significant new available sources for high quality data, I don't believe the current reasoning limitations can—at their core—be solved.